Firewall Profiles are preset inbound and outbound rules on Windows firewall. There are by default 3 profiles: Private Domain and Public.
The Windows Network Location awareness detectes a network by looking quering the presence of default gateway, SSIDs to assign a name to the network. This network name is then associated with firewall profile to protect the connection. If there is no gateway detected on a network interface the network name will be Unidentified Network and you cannot change the firewall profile, it will always be Public.
Internet access detection is by querying a fixed URL
The local security policy Network List Manager Policies can be use to control the changing of network names etc.
Updated : 9/5
On Windows 8, public or private depends on whether file sharing is turn on/off. On->public, off->private
See:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc753545.aspx
http://www.frostbyte.com.au/Blog/tabid/64/EntryId/9/Windows-7-incorrectly-reports-No-Internet-Access.aspx
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